Potty training a puppy can be challenging enough, but what if your dog starts urinating more often, having accidents, or licking her genital area excessively? While this can sometimes be behavioral, it may also signal a medical condition called vaginitis—an inflammation of the vagina seen in both intact and spayed female dogs.
Most cases occur in puppies, but adult dogs can also develop vaginitis. If you notice changes in your dog’s bathroom habits or any unusual discharge, it’s best to book a veterinary appointment.
What Causes Vaginitis in Dogs?
Vaginitis often develops when bacteria enter the vagina and multiply, though viral infections and hormonal imbalances may also play a role. Because the urinary tract is closely linked to the vaginal area, symptoms often overlap with urinary tract infections (UTIs), making diagnosis tricky.
A UTI affects the bladder and urinary tract, while vaginitis involves the vagina itself. Puppies are more prone to vaginitis, whereas UTIs can affect dogs of all ages—including males.
Some breeds are more predisposed due to anatomy. A recessed or hooded vulva (extra skin folds trapping moisture and bacteria) increases risk, and is common in Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, and Pugs. However, popular breeds like the Labrador Retriever and Golden Retriever may also experience it.
⚠️ Symptoms of Vaginitis in Dogs
- Swelling or redness around the vulva
- Excessive licking of the genital area
- Clear, yellow, or bloody discharge
- Frequent urination or accidents indoors
- Strong or unpleasant odor
- Signs of discomfort when urinating
Because symptoms overlap with UTIs, your vet will likely recommend testing before confirming a diagnosis.
How Vets Diagnose Vaginitis
Your veterinarian may run a urinalysis using one of two methods:
- Free Catch: Collecting urine midstream, though results can be contaminated by environmental bacteria.
- Cystocentesis: A sterile collection via ultrasound-guided needle directly from the bladder. More reliable, but better for diagnosing UTIs than vaginitis.
In recurrent cases, a bacterial culture may be recommended to determine which antibiotic will be most effective.
Preventing & Treating Vaginitis
Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but common approaches include:
- Daily cleaning of skin folds with medicated wipes (especially in breeds with a recessed vulva)
- Oral antibiotics if bacterial infection is confirmed
- Surgery (vulvoplasty) in cases where excess skin folds repeatedly cause infection
- Elizabethan collar (cone) post-surgery to prevent licking and reinfection
Most puppies outgrow vaginitis after their first heat cycle, but until then, consistent cleaning, weight management, and monitoring are key.
Related guide: Everything You Need to Know About Caring for an Intact Dog
Final Thoughts
While vaginitis can be frustrating, especially if infections recur, most dogs recover well with appropriate care. If your dog has repeated issues, request a cystocentesis or culture from your vet for more accurate results.
With good hygiene, vet guidance, and in some cases corrective surgery, your dog can stay comfortable and healthy.
See also: Post-Surgical Care for Dogs Following a Spay or Neuter | Your Puppy’s Health Commitment
